翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Heizaburo Okawa ・ Heizer ・ Heizer, Kansas ・ Heizhangcun ・ Heizhu Valley ・ Heizu Station ・ Heizō Takenaka ・ Heiß (album) ・ Heißer Sommer ・ Heiås ・ Heiða Kristín Helgadóttir ・ Heiðar Geir Júlíusson ・ Heiðar Helguson ・ Heiðarvíga saga ・ Heisenberg's entryway to matrix mechanics ・ Heisenberg's microscope ・ Heisenberg-Langevin equation ・ Heisenbug ・ Heiser ・ Heiser Ridge ・ Heiser, Rosenfeld, and Strauss Buildings ・ Heisey ・ Heisey Glass Company ・ Heisey House ・ Heishan ・ Heishan bandits ・ Heishan County ・ Heishanobaatar ・ Heishanoolithus ・ Heishansaurus Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Heisenberg's microscope ： ウィキペディア英語版 Heisenberg's microscope Heisenberg's microscope exists only as a thought experiment, one that was proposed by Werner Heisenberg, criticized by his mentor Niels Bohr, and subsequently served as the nucleus of some commonly held ideas, and misunderstandings, about Quantum Mechanics. In particular, it provided an argument for the uncertainty principle on the basis of the principles of classical optics. Recent theoretical and experimental developments have argued that Heisenberg's intuitive explanation of his mathematical result are misleading()()(). While the act of measurement does lead to uncertainty, the loss of precision is less than that predicted by Heisenberg's argument when measured at the level of an individual state. The formal mathematical result remains valid, however, and the original intuitive argument has also been vindicated mathematically when the notion of disturbance is expanded to be independent of any specific state () (). ==Heisenberg's argument== Heisenberg's argument can be found in ((Heisenberg 1930 )), and is summarized as follows. Heisenberg begins by supposing that an electron is like a classical particle, moving in the $x$ direction along a line below the microscope, as in the illustration to the right. Let the cone of light rays leaving the microscope lens and focusing on the electron make an angle $\backslash varepsilon$ with the electron. Let $\backslash lambda$ be the wavelength of the light rays. Then, according to the laws of classical optics, the microscope can only resolve the position of the electron up to an accuracy of :$\backslash Delta\; x\; =\; \backslash frac.$ (()) When an observer perceives an image of the particle, it's because the light rays strike the particle and bounce back through the microscope to their eye. However, we know from experimental evidence that when a photon strikes an electron, the latter has a Compton recoil with momentum proportional to $h/\backslash lambda$, where $h$ is Planck's constant. It is at this point that Heisenberg introduces objective indeterminacy into the thought experiment. He writes that "the recoil cannot be exactly known, since the direction of the scattered photon is undetermined within the bundle of rays entering the microscope" (p.21). In particular, the electron's momentum in the $x$ direction is only determined up to :$\backslash Delta\; p\_x\; \backslash approx\; 2\backslash frac\backslash sin\backslash varepsilon/2.$ (()) Combining the relations for $\backslash Delta\; x$ and $\backslash Delta\; p\_x$, we thus have that :$\backslash Delta\; x\; \backslash Delta\; p\_x\; \backslash approx\; \backslash left(\; \backslash frac\; \backslash right)\backslash left(\; 2\backslash frac\backslash sin\backslash varepsilon/2\; \backslash right)\; =\; 2h$, (()) which is an approximate expression of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Heisenberg's microscope」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.